Quranic Reflection No 754. Ayat 64:14 – Forgiveness Begins at Home

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Bismillāh.

O you who have faith! Indeed, you have enemies among your spouses and children; so beware of them. Yet if you excuse, forbear, and forgive, then Allah is indeed all-forgiving, all-merciful.

The above verse can seem surprising. How can our own spouses or children be our enemies? According to a narration from Imam al-Bāqir ‘alayhis-salam, this verse was revealed in reference to a challenge faced by early Muslims. When some men wanted to migrate to be with the Prophet sallal-lāhu ‘alayhi wa-ālihi wasallam, their families would cling to them, pleading, “We beg you by Allah not to leave and abandon us.” Some of these men would listen to their families and stay behind, so Allah ‘azza wajall warned them against obeying their loved ones in this matter. Hence, warning us that our families may be our enemies was in reference to not wavering in our responsibilities to Allah subhānahu wata’ālā due to the love we have for our family.


The Imam (a) then explains the latter part of the verse, saying that some men would leave anyway, telling their families, “By Allah, if you don’t migrate with me and Allah later reunites us, I will never help you with anything.” This approach was also not acceptable, and hence Allah enjoins them to forgive their family and accept them once they migrate.


Beyond this specific historical context, the verse powerfully emphasizes the importance of forgiveness within the family. It is the only place in the Quran where Allah (swt) uses such strong language—”excuse, forbear, and forgive”—to encourage forgiveness. This unique emphasis highlights that when it comes to our closest relationships, forgiveness is an essential quality.


For any relationship to be stable and strong, both people must accept that no one is perfect and mistakes will happen. If a spouse is unwilling to forgive their partner, their life together will be filled with conflict. The importance of this trait can be seen in the following narration. It is narrated that Imam al-Sādiq (a) was asked, “What is the right of a woman upon her husband such that if he fulfills it he is considered a doer of good deeds?” In return the Imam (a) said, “He should feed her and clothe her and if she acts out of ignorance he should forgive her.”


A final point to keep in mind is that children learn their values by imitating their parents. If they see their parents as stubborn and inflexible people who always demand their rights, they may come to see forgiveness as a sign of weakness.


We pray that Allah helps us implement the beautiful ethics of Islam in our lives. We ask Him, for the sake of Muhammad and his pure progeny, to strengthen our families and the love within them.

Sources: Allāmah Muhammad Husayn Tabātabā’ī, Tafsīr al-Mīzān


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