Quranic Reflection No 751. Ayat 5:32 – Giving Life to Humanity

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Bismillāh.

Whoever saves a life is as though he had saved all mankind.

The above was revealed as part of the verse following the account of the sacrifice of the sons of Prophet Adam ‘alayhis-salām. Hābīl’s offering was accepted by the Almighty, and Qābīl’s sacrifice was rejected. Overcome by jealousy, Qābīl killed his brother, which marked the first murder in human history. As a result of this event, the Quran presents a universal principle, stating:

 مِنْ أَجْلِ ذَٰلِكَ كَتَبْنَا عَلَىٰ بَنِي إِسْرَائِيلَ أَنَّهُ مَن قَتَلَ نَفْسًا بِغَيْرِ نَفْسٍ أَوْ فَسَادٍ فِي الْأَرْضِ فَكَأَنَّمَا قَتَلَ النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا وَمَنْ أَحْيَاهَا فَكَأَنَّمَا أَحْيَا النَّاسَ جَمِيعًا ۚ

For this reason, We prescribed for the Children of Israel that whoever kills a person—without that person having committed murder or spread corruption on the earth—it is as though he has killed all of mankind; and whoever saves a life, it is as though he has saved the lives of all mankind(Q 5:32)

It is noteworthy that within the verse that prohibits murder and manslaughter, Allah ‘azza wajall also brings man’s attention to the noble act of saving lives. It is only Allah the Exalted that has the power to give, take and restore life. One of the names of Allah subhānahu wata‘ālā is Al-Muhyi. It is derived from ‘ihyā’, meaning the one who gives life. The Quran states وَهُوَ الَّذِي يُحْيِي وَيُمِيتُ – And it is He who gives life and causes death (Q23:80)

But the Almighty has given His creation the opportunity to manifest this attribute by becoming the means through which Allah the Almighty gives life to His creation. The Quran uses the expression “as if” (fa-ka-‘anna-ma) which indicates that although the death or life of one person is not literally equal to that of all society, it bears a resemblance to it. God will reward him with the reward of one who gives life to all.

The apparent meaning of this verse pertains to the physical safeguarding of human lives. This includes the work of doctors, nurses, firefighters, or even those who dig wells in remote areas. As Imam Ja‘far al-Ṣādiq (a) said: Whoever quenches the thirst of a thirsty person in a place where water is not found, it is as if he has given life to a soul. ((Kulaynī, al-Kāfī, 7:271)

The Quran also speaks of a higher form of life. In addition to living an animalistic life, a human being has the potential of living a human life. This refers to a life with Divine purpose and a soul that is adorned with Divine character. The role of the Prophets was to call us towards living human life, as evident in the following verse:

يَا أَيُّهَا الَّذِينَ آمَنُوا اسْتَجِيبُوا لِلَّهِ وَلِلرَّسُولِ إِذَا دَعَاكُمْ لِمَا يُحْيِيكُمْ

O you who believe! Respond to Allah and to the Messenger when he calls you to that which gives you life. (Q8:24)

 Therefore, the deeper meaning of this verse applies to those who guide others. This refers to preachers, teachers, parents who direct their children towards Godliness, or even a community member who enjoins good and forbids evil.

When Imam al-Sādiq (a) was asked about this verse, he first said: (It may refer to) one who saves another from burning or drowning…” After a pause, he added: But its greater interpretation is about calling someone toward truth or away from falsehood, and that person responding. (Huwayzī, Tafsir Nur al-Thaqalayn, 1:620)

The verse demonstrates the sanctity of life in Islam, and the importance of saving even a single life. This includes the life of the body and more importantly the life of the soul. As we start a new school year, we pray to the Almighty to bless and guide our esteemed teachers as they nourish new life into the souls of their students and enable them to become amongst the soldiers of Imam Al-Mahdī ‘ajjalallāhu farajahu

Sources:  Āyatullāh Nāsir Makārim Shirāzī (Ed.), Tafsīr-e Namūneh; Allāmah Muhammad Husayn Tabātabā’ī, Tafsīr al-Mīzān.


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